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Penn's cave is NOT the source of the ground water flowing
from Big Spring because . . .
- There are no underground flow pathways connecting Penn's Cave and the Big
Spring. Large solution openings in the intervening limestone would be
required to convey 12 million gallons per day of ground-water flow.
- The ground water which forms the lake within Penn's Cave cannot flow
uphill to cross the ground-water boundary of the Spring Creek
Watershed. Ground-water boundaries are the highest elevation of ground
water, just as surface-water boundaries are the highest topographic
elevations. Return to the Quiz.


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